NAME

MIME::Charset - Charset Information for MIME

SYNOPSIS

    use MIME::Charset:

    $charset = MIME::Charset->new("euc-jp");

Getting charset information:

    $benc = $charset->body_encoding; # e.g. "Q"
    $cset = $charset->as_string; # e.g. "US-ASCII"
    $henc = $charset->header_encoding; # e.g. "S"
    $cset = $charset->output_charset; # e.g. "ISO-2022-JP"

Translating text data:

    ($text, $charset, $encoding) =
        $charset->header_encode(
           "\xc9\xc2\xc5\xaa\xc0\xde\xc3\xef\xc5\xaa".
           "\xc7\xd1\xca\xaa\xbd\xd0\xce\xcf\xb4\xef",
           Charset => 'euc-jp');
    # ...returns e.g. (<converted>, "ISO-2022-JP", "B").

    ($text, $charset, $encoding) =
        $charset->body_encode(
            "Collectioneur path\xe9tiquement ".
            "\xe9clectique de d\xe9chets",
            Charset => 'latin1');
    # ...returns e.g. (<original>, "ISO-8859-1", "QUOTED-PRINTABLE").

    $len = $charset->encoded_header_len(
        "Perl\xe8\xa8\x80\xe8\xaa\x9e",
        Charset => 'utf-8',
        Encoding => "b");
    # ...returns e.g. 28.

Manipulating module defaults:

    MIME::Charset::alias("csEUCKR", "euc-kr");
    MIME::Charset::default("iso-8859-1");
    MIME::Charset::fallback("us-ascii");

Non-OO functions (may be deprecated in near future):

    use MIME::Charset qw(:info);

    $benc = body_encoding("iso-8859-2"); # "Q"
    $cset = canonical_charset("ANSI X3.4-1968"); # "US-ASCII"
    $henc = header_encoding("utf-8"); # "S"
    $cset = output_charset("shift_jis"); # "ISO-2022-JP"

    use MIME::Charset qw(:trans);

    ($text, $charset, $encoding) =
        header_encode(
           "\xc9\xc2\xc5\xaa\xc0\xde\xc3\xef\xc5\xaa".
           "\xc7\xd1\xca\xaa\xbd\xd0\xce\xcf\xb4\xef",
           "euc-jp");
    # ...returns (<converted>, "ISO-2022-JP", "B");

    ($text, $charset, $encoding) =
        body_encode(
            "Collectioneur path\xe9tiquement ".
            "\xe9clectique de d\xe9chets",
            "latin1");
    # ...returns (<original>, "ISO-8859-1", "QUOTED-PRINTABLE");

    $len = encoded_header_len(
        "Perl\xe8\xa8\x80\xe8\xaa\x9e", "b", "utf-8"); # 28

DESCRIPTION

MIME::Charset provides information about character sets used for MIME messages on Internet.

Definitions

The charset is ``character set'' used in MIME to refer to a method of converting a sequence of octets into a sequence of characters. It includes both concepts of ``coded character set'' (CCS) and ``character encoding scheme'' (CES) of ISO/IEC.

The encoding is that used in MIME to refer to a method of representing a body part or a header body as sequence(s) of printable US-ASCII characters.

Constructor

$charset = MIME::Charset->new([CHARSET [, OPTS]]): Create charset object.; OPTS may accept following key-value pair. NOTE: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), conversion will not be performed. So this option do not have any effects.

Getting Information of Charsets

$charset->body_encoding
body_encoding CHARSET: Get recommended transfer-encoding of CHARSET for message body.; Returned value will be one of "B" (BASE64), "Q" (QUOTED-PRINTABLE), "S" (shorter one of either) or undef (might not be transfer-encoded; either 7BIT or 8BIT). This may not be same as encoding for message header.
$charset->as_string
canonical_charset CHARSET: Get canonical name for charset.
$charset->decoder: Get Encode::Encoding object to decode strings to Unicode by charset. If charset is not specified or not known by this module, undef will be returned.
$charset->dup: Get a copy of charset object.
$charset->encoder([CHARSET]): Get Encode::Encoding object to encode Unicode string using compatible charset recommended to be used for messages on Internet.; If optional CHARSET is specified, replace encoder (and output charset name) of $charset object with those of CHARSET, therefore, $charset object will be a converter between original charset and new CHARSET.
$charset->header_encoding
header_encoding CHARSET: Get recommended encoding scheme of CHARSET for message header.; Returned value will be one of "B", "Q", "S" (shorter one of either) or undef (might not be encoded). This may not be same as encoding for message body.
$charset->output_charset
output_charset CHARSET: Get a charset which is compatible with given CHARSET and is recommended to be used for MIME messages on Internet (if it is known by this module).; When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), this function will simply return the result of canonical_charset.

Translating Text Data

$charset->body_encode(STRING [, OPTS])
body_encode STRING, CHARSET [, OPTS]: Get converted (if needed) data of STRING and recommended transfer-encoding of that data for message body. CHARSET is the charset by which STRING is encoded.; OPTS may accept following key-value pairs. NOTE: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), conversion will not be performed. So these options do not have any effects.
$charset->decode(STRING [,CHECK]): Decode STRING to Unicode.; Note: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), this function will die.
detect_7bit_charset STRING: Guess 7-bit charset that may encode a string STRING. If STRING contains any 8-bit bytes, undef will be returned. Otherwise, Default Charset will be returned for unknown charset.
$charset->encode(STRING [, CHECK]): Encode STRING (Unicode or non-Unicode) using compatible charset recommended to be used for messages on Internet (if this module knows it). Note that string will be decoded to Unicode then encoded even if compatible charset was equal to original charset.; Note: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), this function will die.
$charset->encoded_header_len(STRING [, ENCODING])
encoded_header_len STRING, ENCODING, CHARSET: Get length of encoded STRING for message header (without folding).; ENCODING may be one of "B", "Q" or "S" (shorter one of either "B" or "Q").
$charset->header_encode(STRING [, OPTS])
header_encode STRING, CHARSET [, OPTS]: Get converted (if needed) data of STRING and recommended encoding scheme of that data for message headers. CHARSET is the charset by which STRING is encoded.; OPTS may accept following key-value pairs. NOTE: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), conversion will not be performed. So these options do not have any effects.
$charset->undecode(STRING [,CHECK]): Encode Unicode string STRING to byte string by input charset of $charset. This is equivalent to $charset->decoder->encode().; Note: When Unicode/multibyte support is disabled (see USE_ENCODE), this function will die.

Manipulating Module Defaults

alias ALIAS [, CHARSET]: Get/set charset alias for canonical names determined by canonical_charset.; If CHARSET is given and isn't false, ALIAS will be assigned as an alias of CHARSET. Otherwise, alias won't be changed. In both cases, current charset name that ALIAS is assigned will be returned.
default [CHARSET]: Get/set default charset.; Default charset is used by this module when charset context is unknown. Modules using this module are recommended to use this charset when charset context is unknown or implicit default is expected. By default, it is "US-ASCII".; If CHARSET is given and isn't false, it will be set to default charset. Otherwise, default charset won't be changed. In both cases, current default charset will be returned.; NOTE: Default charset should not be changed.
fallback [CHARSET]: Get/set fallback charset.; Fallback charset is used by this module when conversion by given charset is failed and "FALLBACK" error handling scheme is specified. Modules using this module may use this charset as last resort of charset for conversion. By default, it is "UTF-8".; If CHARSET is given and isn't false, it will be set to fallback charset. If CHARSET is "NONE", fallback charset will be undefined. Otherwise, fallback charset won't be changed. In any cases, current fallback charset will be returned.; NOTE: It is useful that "US-ASCII" is specified as fallback charset, since result of conversion will be readable without charset information.
recommended CHARSET [, HEADERENC, BODYENC [, ENCCHARSET]]: Get/set charset profiles.; If optional arguments are given and any of them are not false, profiles for CHARSET will be set by those arguments. Otherwise, profiles won't be changed. In both cases, current profiles for CHARSET will be returned as 3-item list of (HEADERENC, BODYENC, ENCCHARSET).; HEADERENC is recommended encoding scheme for message header. It may be one of "B", "Q", "S" (shorter one of either) or undef (might not be encoded).; BODYENC is recommended transfer-encoding for message body. It may be one of "B", "Q", "S" (shorter one of either) or undef (might not be transfer-encoded).; ENCCHARSET is a charset which is compatible with given CHARSET and is recommended to be used for MIME messages on Internet. If conversion is not needed (or this module doesn't know appropriate charset), ENCCHARSET is undef.; NOTE: This function in the future releases can accept more optional arguments (for example, properties to handle character widths, line folding behavior, ...). So format of returned value may probably be changed. Use header_encoding, body_encoding or output_charset to get particular profile.

Constants

USE_ENCODE: Unicode/multibyte support flag. Non-empty string will be set when Unicode and multibyte support is enabled. Currently, this flag will be non-empty on Perl 5.7.3 or later and empty string on earlier versions of Perl.

Error Handling

body_encode and header_encode accept following Replacement options:

"DEFAULT": Put a substitution character in place of a malformed character. For UCM-based encodings, <subchar> will be used.
"FALLBACK": Try "DEFAULT" scheme using fallback charset (see fallback). When fallback charset is undefined and conversion causes error, code will die on error with an error message.
"CROAK": Code will die on error immediately with an error message. Therefore, you should trap the fatal error with eval{} unless you really want to let it die on error. Synonym is "STRICT".
"PERLQQ"
"HTMLCREF"
"XMLCREF": Use FB_PERLQQ, FB_HTMLCREF or FB_XMLCREF scheme defined by Encode module.
numeric values: Numeric values are also allowed. For more details see Encode/Handling Malformed Data.

If error handling scheme is not specified or unknown scheme is specified, "DEFAULT" will be assumed.

Configuration File

Built-in defaults for option parameters can be overridden by configuration file: MIME/Charset/Defaults.pm. For more details read MIME/Charset/Defaults.pm.sample.

VERSION

Consult $VERSION variable.

Development versions of this module may be found at http://hatuka.nezumi.nu/repos/MIME-Charset/.

Incompatible Changes

Release 1.001
Release 1.005
Release 1.008.2

AUTHOR

Hatuka*nezumi - IKEDA Soji <hatuka(at)nezumi.nu>

COPYRIGHT

MIME::Charset - Charset Information for MIME